Our peer-reviewed publications, last updated January 2022
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‡, Graduate student author; #, undergraduate student author; °, K-12 teacher author; * substantially based on work done while Arnold was a graduate student.
138. Franco, M.E.E., J.H. Wisecaver, A.E. Arnold, Y.-M. Ju, J.C. Slot, (30 others), J.M. U’Ren. 2021. Secondary
metabolism drives ecological breadth in the Xylariaceae. New Phytologist, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17873.
137. Healy, R.A., A.E. Arnold, G. Bonito, Y.-L. Huang, B. Lemmond, D.H. Pfister, M.E. Smith. 2021. Endophytism and endolichenism in Pezizomycetes: the exception or the rule? New Phytologist. https://doi: 10.1111/nph.17886.
136. Arnold, A.E. and D.C. Sandberg. 2021. Clohesyomyces symbioticus sp. nov., a fungal endophyte associated with roots of water smartweed (Persicaria amphibia). Plant and Fungal Systematics 66:201-210.
135. Qu, W., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, B.P. Bashyal, J. Xu, Y.-M. Xu, M.X. Liu, M.C. Inacio, A.E. Arnold, J.M. U’Ren, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2021. Strobiloscyphones A-F, 6-isopentylsphaeropsidones and other metabolites from Strobiloscypha sp. AZ0266, a leaf-associated fungus of Douglas fir. Journal of Natural Products 84:2575-2586.
134. Arnold, A.E., A.H. Harrington‡, Y.-L. Huang, J. M. U’Ren, N.C. Massimo, V. Knight-Connoni, P. Inderbitzin. 2021. Coniochaeta elegans sp. nov., C. montana sp. nov., and C. nivea sp. nov.: three new species of endophytes with distinctive morphology and functional traits. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
133. Arnold, A.E., A.H. Harrington‡, J.M. U’Ren, S. Oita‡, and P. Inderbitzin. 2021. Two new endophytic species enrich the Coniochaeta endophytica / C. prunicola clade: Coniochaeta palaoa sp. nov. and C. lutea sp. nov. Plant and Fungal Systematics 66:66-78.
132. Fehmi, J., C. Rasmussen, A.E. Arnold. 2021. The pioneer effect advantage in plant invasions: site priming of native grasslands by invasive grasses. Ecosphere 12:e03750.
131. Bowman‡, E.A. and A.E. Arnold. 2021. Drivers and implications of distance decay differ for ectomycorrhizal and foliar endophytic fungi across an anciently fragmented landscape. ISMEJ, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01006-9.
130. Zalamea, P.-C., C. Sarmiento, A.E. Arnold, A.S. Davis, A. Ferrer, J.W. Dalling. 2021. Closely related tree species support distinctive communities of seed-associated fungi in a lowland tropical forest. Journal of Ecology 109:1858-1872.
129. Oita‡, S., A. Ibáñez, F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, J. Geml, L.A. Lewis, E.F.Y. Hom, I. Carbone, A.E. Arnold. 2021. Climate and seasonality drive richness and composition of tropical fungal endophytes at a landscape scale. Communications Biology 4:e313.
128. Oita‡, S., J. Carey, I. Kline‡, A. Ibáñez, N. Yang#, E.F.Y. Hom, I. Carbone, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold. 2021. Methodological approaches frame insights into endophyte richness and community composition. Microbial Ecology 82:21-34.
127. Bowman‡, E.A., D.R. Hayden#, A.E. Arnold. 2021. Fire history and local factors shape ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Pinus ponderosa in mountains of the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago. Fungal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101013
126. Xu, Y.-M., A.E. Arnold, J.M. U’Ren, L.-J. Xuan, W. Wang, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2020. Teratospyrones A-C, dimeric naptho-y-pyrones, and other metabolites from Teratosphaeria sp. AK1128, a fungal endophyte of Equisetum arvense. Molecules 25: e5058.
125. de Amorim, M.R., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, A. E. Arnold, A. N. Batista, J. M. Batista, L. C. dos Santos. 2020. An epigenetic modifier induces production of 3-(4-oxopyrano)-chromen-2-ones in Aspergillus sp. AST0006, an endophytic fungus of Astragalus lentiginosus. Tetrahedron 76: e131525.
124. Dalling, J.W., A.S. Davis, A.E. Arnold, C. Sarmiento, P.-C. Zalamea. 2020. Extending plant defense theory to seeds. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012120-115156
123. U’Ren, J.M., F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, N.B. Zimmerman, I. Carbone, G. May, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Host availability drives distributions of fungal endophytes in the imperiled boreal realm. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1430-1437.
122. Baltrus, D.A., M. Clark, P. Inderbitzin, D. Pignatta, V. Knight-Connoni, A.E. Arnold. 2019. A complete genome sequence for Luteibacter pinisoli MAH-14. Microbiobiology Resource Announcements 8: e00774-19.
121. von Arx, M., A. Moore#, G. Davidowitz, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Diversity and distribution of microbial communities in floral nectar of two night-blooming plants of the Sonoran Desert. PLoS One 14: e0225309.
120. Carbone, I.C., J. White, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold, M.A. Miller, J.M. U’Ren, F. Lutzoni. 2019. T-BAS version 2.1: Tree-based alignment selector toolkit for evolutionary placement and viewing of alignments and metadata on curated and custom reference trees. Microbiobiology Resource Announcements 8: e00328-19.
119. Harrington‡, A.H., M. Del Olmo-Ruiz‡, J.M. U’Ren‡, K. Garcia, D. Pignatta, N. Wespe, D.C. Sandberg‡, M. Hoffman‡, Y.-L. Huang‡, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Coniochaeta endophytica sp. nov., a foliar endophyte from healthy tissue of Platycladus orientalis. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64: 65-79.
118. McIntosh, M.E., A.E. Boyd, A.E. Arnold, R.J. Steidl, L.A. McDade. 2019. Demography of a declining population of the endangered Nichol's Turk's head cactus, Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii. Plant Species Biology DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12251.
117. Jaspers, C., S. Fraune, A.E. Arnold, D. Miller, T. Bosch, C. Voolstra, and Boden Consortium. 2019. Resolving meta-organisms through a holistic framework combining reductionist and integrative approaches. Zoology https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2019.02.007 (cover).
116. Taylor#, M.J., R.W. Mannan, J.M. U’Ren, N.P. Garber, R.E. Gallery, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Age-related variation in the oral microbiome of urban Cooper’s hawks (Accipiter cooperii). BMC Microbiology 19:e47.
115. Lutzoni, F., M. Nowak, M. Alfaro, J. Miadlikowska, D. Swofford, A.E. Arnold, D. Hibbett, K. Hilu, T. James, D. Quandt, S. Magallón. 2018. Synchronized radiations in plants and fungi linked to symbiosis. Nature Communications 9: e5451.
114. Daru, B.H., E.A. Bowman‡, D. Pfister, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Capturing the diversity of endophytic symbionts from herbarium specimens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 374: e1.
113. Epps‡, M.J. and A.E. Arnold. 2018. Interaction networks of macrofungi and mycophagous beetles reflect diurnal variation and the size and spatial arrangement of resources. Fungal Ecology 37: 48-56.
112. Shaffer‡, J.P., P.-C. Zalamea, C. Sarmiento, R.E. Gallery, J.W. Dalling, A.S. Davis, D.A. Baltrus, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Context-dependent and variable effects of endohyphal bacteria on interactions between fungi and seeds. Fungal Ecology 36: 117-127.
111. Huang‡, Y.-L., N.B. Zimmerman, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Observation on the early establishment of foliar endophytic fungi in leaf discs and living leaves of a model woody angiosperm, Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae). Journal of Fungi 4: e58 (cover).
110. Zalamea, P.-C., J.W. Dalling, C. Sarmiento, A.E. Arnold, C. Delevich‡, M.A. Berbow, A. Ndobegang, S. Gripenberg, A.S. Davis. 2018. Dormancy-defense syndromes and trade-offs between physical and chemical defenses in seeds. Ecology DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2419.
109. Huang‡, Y.-L., E.A. Bowman, N.C. Massimo, N.P. Garber, J.M. U’Ren, D.C. Sandberg, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Using collections data to infer biogeographic, environmental, and host structure in communities of endophytic fungi. Mycologia 110: 47-62.
108. Padumadasa, C., Y.-M. Xu, E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, P. Espinosa, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2018. Cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic metabolites from Teratosphaeria sp. FL2137, a fungus associated with Pinus clausa. Journal of Natural Products 81: 616-624.
107. Chen‡, K.-H., H.-L. Liao, A.E. Arnold, F. Lutzoni. 2018. RNA-based analyses reveal fungal communities structured by a senescence gradient in the moss Dicranum scoparium and the presence of putative multi-trophic fungi. New Phytologist 218: 1597-1611.
106. Bowman‡, E.A., A.E. Arnold. 2018. Distributions of ectomycorrhizal and foliar endophytic fungi associated with Pinus ponderosa along a spatially constrained elevation gradient. American Journal of Botany 105: 687-699.
105. Epps‡, M.J. and A.E. Arnold. 2018. Quantifying beetle-macrofungal associations in a temperate biodiversity hotspot. Mycologia 110: 269-285.
104. Sarmiento, C., P.-C. Zalamea, J.W. Dalling, A.S. Davis, S.M. Stump‡, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold. 2017. Soilborne fungi have host affinity and host-specific effects on seed germination and survival in a lowland tropical forest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 114: 11458-11463.
103. Araldi-Brondolo‡, S.A., J.S. Spraker, J.P. Shaffer‡, E.H. Woytenko‡, D.A. Baltrus, R.E. Gallery, A.E. Arnold 2017. Bacterial endosymbionts: master modulators of fungal phenotypes. Microbiology Spectrum 5: e0056.
102. Gubiani, J., K. Wijeratne, T. Shi, A. Araujo, A.E. Arnold, E. Chapman, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2017. An epigenetic modifier induces production of (10S)-verruculide B, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases by Phoma sp. LG219, a fungal endophyte of Parkinsonia microphylla. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 25: 1860-1866.
101. Shaffer‡, J.P., J.M. U’Ren, D.A. Baltrus, R.E. Gallery, A.E. Arnold. 2017. An endohyphal bacterium (Chitinophaga, Bacteroidetes) influences carbon source use by Fusarium keratoplasticum (F. solani species complex, Nectriaceae). Frontiers in Microbiology 8: e350.
100. Torres-Cruz‡, T.J., T.L.B. Tobias, M. Almatruk, C. Hesse, C.R. Kuske, A. Desiro, G.M.N. Benucci, G. Bonito, J. Stajich, C. Dunlap, A.E. Arnold, A. Porras-Alfaro. 2017. Bifiguratus adelaidae, gen. nov. sp. nov., a new lineage of Mucoromycotina with endophytic and soil-dwelling strains. Mycologia 109: 363-378.
99. Arnold, A.E., E.M. Andersen‡, M.J. Taylor#, R.J. Steidl. 2017. Using cytochrome b to identify nests and museum specimens of cryptic songbirds. Conservation Genetics Resources 9: 451-458.
98. Luo, J.-G.., Y.-M. Xu, D.C. Sandberg, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2017. Montagnuphilones A-G, azaphilones from Montagnulaceae sp. DM0194, a fungal endophyte of submerged roots of Persicaria amphibia. Journal of Natural Products 80: 76-81.
97. Baltrus, D.A., K. Dougherty, K.R. Arendt, M. Huntemann, A. Clum, M. Pillay, K. Palaniappan, N. Varghese, N. Mikhailova, D. Stamatis, T.B.K. Reddy, C.Y. Ngan, C. Daum, N. Shapiro, V. Markowitz, N. Ivanova, N. Kyrpides, T. Woyke, A.E. Arnold. 2017. Absence of genome reduction in diverse, facultative endohyphal bacteria. Microbial Genomics 3: 000101.
96. Bashyal, B.P., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, J. Tillotson, A.E. Arnold, E. Chapman, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2017. Chlorinated dehydrocurvularins and alterperylenepoxide A from Alternaria sp. AST0039, a fungal endophyte of Astragalus lentiginosus. Journal of Natural Products 80: 427-433.
95. Carbone, I.C., J.B. White‡, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold, M.A. Miller, F. Kauff, C. Schoch, J.M. U’Ren, G. May, F. Lutzoni. 2016. Enhancing fungal species discovery and description using T-BAS: Tree-Based Alignment Selector toolkit for phylogenetic-based placement, alignment downloads, and metadata visualization. Bioinformatics 33: 1160-1168.
94. U’Ren, J.M. and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Diversity, taxonomic composition, and functional aspects of fungal communities in living, senescent, and fallen leaves at five sites across North America. PeerJ 4: 2768.
93. Shaffer‡, J.S., C. Sarmiento, P.-C. Zalamea, R.E. Gallery, A.S. Davis, D.A. Baltrus, A.E. Arnold. 2016. Diversity, specificity, and phylogenetic relationships of endohyphal bacteria in fungi that inhabit tropical seeds and leaves. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 4: 116.
92. Del Olmo-Ruiz‡, M. and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Community structure of fern-affiliated endophytes in three neo-tropical forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 60-73.
91. Arendt‡, K.R., K.L. Hockett, S.J. Araldi-Brondolo, D.A. Baltrus, A.E. Arnold. 2016. Isolation of endohyphal bacteria from foliar fungi and in vitro establishment of their symbiotic associations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82: 2943-2949.
90. U’Ren, J.M., J. Miadlikowska, N. Zimmerman, F. Lutzoni, J. Stajich, A.E. Arnold. 2016. Contributions of North American endophytes to the phylogeny, ecology, and taxonomy of the Xylariaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 210-232.
89. Sousa, J., M. Aguilar-Perez, A.E. Arnold, N. Rios, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, and L. Cubilla-Rios. 2016. Chemical constituents and their antibacterial activity from the tropical endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. F2934. Journal of Applied Microbiology 120: 1501-1508.
88. Kithsiri Wijeratne, E.M., G.M.K.B. Gunaherath, V.M. Chapla, J. Tillotson, F. de la Cruz, M. Kang, J. U’Ren, A.R. Araujo, A.E. Arnold, E. Chapman, and AA.L. Gunatilaka. 2016. Oxaspirol B with p97 inhibitory activity and other oxaspirols from Lecythophora sp. FL1375 and FL1031, endolichenic fungal strains inhabiting Parmotrema tinctorum and Cladonia evansii. Journal of Natural Products 79: 340-352.
87. Ohkura, M., J.J. Worley, J.E. Hughes-Hallett, J.S. Fisher, B.C. Love, A.E. Arnold, and M. J. Orbach. 2016. Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola on a captive black racer (Coluber constrictor) and a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) in Pennsylvania. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47: 341-346.
86. Chagnon, P.-L., J.M. U’Ren, F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Interaction type influences ecological network structure more than local abiotic conditions: evidence from fungal symbionts at a continental scale. Oecologia 180: 181-191.
85. Huang‡, Y.-L., M.M.N. Devan, J.M. U’Ren, S.H. Furr, and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Pervasive effects of wildfire on foliar endophyte communities in montane forest trees. Microbial Ecology 71: 452-468.
84. Xu, Y., B.P. Bashyal, M.X. Liu, P. Espinosa-Artiles, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Cytotoxic cytochalasins and other metabolites from Xylariaceae sp. FL0390, a fungal endophyte of Spanish moss. Natural Products Communications 10:1655-1658.
83. Xu, Y., J. Mafezoli, M.C.F. Oliveira, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Anteaglonialides A–F, Spironaphtho-1,8-dioxincyclohexa--butyrolactones and Palmarumycins CE1–CE3 from Anteaglonium sp. FL0768, a fungal endophyte of sand spikemoss, Selaginella arenicola. Journal of Natural Products 78: 2738-2747.
82. Wei, H., Y. Xu, P., Espinosa-Artiles, M.X. Liu, J.-G. Luo, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Sesquiterpenes and other constituents of Xylaria sp. NC1214, a fungal endophyte of the moss Hypnum sp. Phytochemistry 118: 102-108.
81. Wijeratne, E.M.K., Y. Xu, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Pulvinulin A, graminin C, and cis-gregatin B--new natural furanones from Pulvinula sp. 11120, a fungal endophyte of Cupressus arizonica. Natural Product Communications 10: 107-111.
80. Martinson‡, E., J. Hackett, C. Machado, A.E. Arnold. 2015. Metatranscriptome analysis of fig flowers suggests mechanisms for mutualism stability and gall induction. PloS ONE 10: e0130745.
79. Zalamea, P.C., C. Sarmiento, A.E. Arnold, A. Davis, J. Dalling. 2015. Do microbes and abrasion by soil particles influence seed persistence and loss of physical dormancy in tropical seedbanks? Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 799 (doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00799).
78. Corrales‡, A.O., A.E. Arnold, A. Ferrer, B. Turner, J.W. Dalling. 2015. Variation in ectomycorrhizal communities associated with Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) in tropical montane forests. Mycorrhiza 26: 1-17.
77. Massimo#, N., M.M.N. Devan#, K.R. Arendt‡, M. Wilch°, J.M. Riddle#, S.H. Furr°, C. Steen#, J.M. U’Ren, D.C. Sandberg‡, A.E. Arnold. 2015. Fungal endophytes of desert plants: infrequent in culture, but diverse and distinctive symbionts. Microbial Ecology DOI 10.1007/s00248-014-0563-6.
76. Chen‡, K.H., J. Miadlikowska, K. Molnar, A.E. Arnold, J.M. U’Ren, E. Gaya, C. Gueidan, F. Lutzoni. 2015. Phylogenetic analyses of eurotiomycetous endophytes reveal their close affinities to Chaetothyriales, Eurotiales, and a new order – Phaeomoniellales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 85: 117-130.
75. Luo, J.O., X.B. Wang, Y.M. Zu, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, L.Y. Kong, A.A.L. 2014. Gunatilaka. Delitschiapyrone A, a pyrone-naphthalenone adduct bearing an unprecedented pentacyclic ring system from the leaf-associated fungus Delitschia sp. FL1581. Organic Letters 16: 5944-5947.
74. U’Ren, J.M., J.M. Riddle#, J.T. Monacell‡, I. Carbone, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold. 2014. Tissue storage and primer selection influence pyrosequencing-based inferences of diversity and community structure of endophytic fungi. Molecular Ecology Resources 14:1032-1048.
73. Higginbotham, S.J., W.R. Wong, R.G. Linington, C. Spadafora, L. Iturrado, A.E. Arnold. 2014. Sloth fur as a novel source of fungi with potent anti-parasitic and anti-bacterial activity. PLoS One 9: e84549 (top-viewed paper, early 2014; > 71,600 views in January; extensive popular press).
72. Sandberg‡, D.C., L.J. Battista#, A.E. Arnold. 2014. Fungal endophytes of aquatic macrophytes: diverse host-generalists characterized by tissue preferences and geographic structure. Microbial Ecology 67: 735-747.
71. Del Olmo‡, M. and A.E. Arnold. 2014. Interannual variation and host affiliations of endophytic fungi associated with ferns at La Selva, Costa Rica. Mycologia 106: 8-21.
70. Higgins‡, K.L., A.E. Arnold, P. Coley, T. Kursar. 2014. Communities of fungal endophytes in tropical forest grasses: diverse host- and habitat generalists characterized by strong spatial structure. Fungal Ecology 8: 1-11.
69. Oono, R., F. Lutzoni, A.E. Arnold, L. Kaye#, J.M. U’Ren, G. May, I. Carbone. 2014. Genetic variation in horizontally transmitted symbionts of pine needles reveals population structure in cryptic species. American Journal of Botany 101: 1362-1374.
68. Almeida, C., H. Ortega, S. Higginbotham, C. Spadafora, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2014. Chemical constituents from Microthyriaceae sp., an endophytic fungus from a tropical grass. Letters in Applied Microbiology 59: 58-64.
67. Miadlikowska, J.M., F. Kauff, F. Hognabba, J.C. Oliver, K. Molnar, E. Fraker, E. Gaya, J. Hafellner, V. Hofstetter, C. Gueidan, M. Kukwa, M. Lücking, C. Björk, H.J. M. Sipman, A.R. Burgaz, A. Thell, A. Passo, L. Myllys, T. Goward, S. Fernandez-Brime, G. Hestmark, J. Lendemer, H.T. Lumbsch, M. Schmull, C. Schoch, E. Serusiaux, D.R. Maddison, A.E. Arnold, F. Lutzoni, S. Stenroos. 2014. Multigene phylogenetic analysis for 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 312 genera, and 66 families of the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 132-168 (Editor’s Choice)
66. Nilsson, R.H., K.D. Hyde, J. Pawlowska, M. Ryberg, L. Tedersoo, A.B. Aas, S.A. Alias, A. Alves, C.L. Anderson, A. Antonelli, A.E. Arnold, B. Bahnmann, M. Bahram, J. Bengtsson-Palme, A. Berlin, S. Branco, P. Chomnunti, A. Dissanayake, R. Drenkhan, H. Friberg, T.G. Frøslev, B. Halwachs, M. Hartmann, B. Henricot, R. Jayawardena, A. Jumpponen, H. Kauserud, S. Koskela, T. Kulik, K. Liimatainen, B. Lindahl, D. Lindner, J.K. Liu, S. Maharachchikumbura, D. Manamgoda, S. Martinsson, M.A. Neves, T. Niskanen, S. Nylinder, O.L. Pereira, D.B. Pinho, T.M. Porter, V. Queloz, T. Riit, M. Sanchez-García, F. de Sousa, E. Stefaczyk, M. Tadych, S. Takamatsu, Q. Tian, D. Udayanga, M. Unterseher, Z. Wang, S. Wikee, J. Yan, E. Larsson, K-H. Larsson, U. Kõljalg, K. Abarenkov. 2014. A distributed effort to improve the annotation of public ITS sequence data for plant pathogenic fungi. Fungal Diversity 67: 11-19.
65. Higginbotham, S.J., A.E. Arnold, A. Ibañez, C. Spadafora, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar. 2013. Bioactivity of fungal endophytes as a function of their taxonomy and the taxonomy and distribution of host plants. PLoS One 8: e73192.
64. Lau‡, M., N.C. Johnson, A.E. Arnold. 2013. Factors influencing communities of foliar fungal endophytes in riparian woody plants. Fungal Ecology 6: 365-378.
63. Hoffman‡, M.T., M. Gunatilaka, E.M.K. Wijeratne, A.A.L. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold. 2013. Endohyphal bacterium enhances production of indole-3-acetic acid by a foliar fungal endophyte. PLoS One 8: e73132.
62. Tedersoo, L., A.E. Arnold, K. Hansen. 2013. Novel aspects in the life cycle and biotrophic interactions in the Pezizomycetes. Molecular Ecology 22: 1488-1493.
61. Martinson‡, E.O., K.C. Jander, Y.Q. Peng, H.H. Chen, C.A. Machado, A.E. Arnold, E.A. Herre. 2013. Relative investment in egg loads and poison sacs in fig wasps: implications for physio-logical mechanisms underlying seed and wasp production in figs. Acta Oecologica 57: 58-66.
60. Ortega, H.E., P.R. Graupner, Y. Asai, K. TenDyke, D. Qui, Y.Y. Shen, N. Rios, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2013. Mycoleptodiscin A and B, cytotoxic alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus. Journal of Natural Products 76: 741-744.
59. Wanigesekara, A., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2013. 10’-Deoxy-10’ alpha-hydroxyascochlorin, a new cell migration inhibitor and other metabolites from Acre-monium, an endophyte in Ephedra trifurca. Natural Products Communications 8: 601-604.
58. Xu, Y.-M., P. Espinosa-Artiles, M.P. Liu, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2013. Secoemestrin D, a cytotoxic epitetrathiodioxopiperizine, and emericellenes A-E, five sesterterpenoids from Emericella sp. AST0036, a fungal endophyte of Astragalus lentiginosus. Journal of Natural Products 12: 2330-2336.
57. Bascom-Slack, C., A.E. Arnold, S.A. Strobel. 2012. Student-directed discovery of the plant microbiome and its products. Science 338: 485-486.
56. Martinson‡, E.O., E.A. Herre, C.A. Machado, A.E. Arnold. 2012. Culture-free survey reveals diverse fungal communities associated with figs (Ficus) in Panama. Microbial Ecology 64: 1073-1084.
55. U’Ren‡, J., F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, A. Laetsch, A.E. Arnold. 2012. Host and geographic structure of endophytic and endolichenic fungi at a continental scale. American Journal of Botany 99: 898-914.
54. Gazis‡, R., J. Miadlikowska, F. Lutzoni, A.E. Arnold, P. Chaverri. 2012. Culture-based study of endophytes associated with rubber trees in Peru reveals a new class of Pezizomycotina: Xylonomycetes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 294-304.
53. Milani‡, N.A., D.P. Lawrence, A.E. Arnold, H.D. vanEtten. 2012. Origin of pistatin demethylase (PDA) in the genus Fusarium. Fungal Genetics and Biology 49: 933-942.
52. Varughese, T., N. Riosa, S. Higginbotham, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2012. Antifungal depsidone metabolites from Cordyceps dipterigena, an endo-phyte antagonistic to the phytopathogen Giberella fujikoroi. Tetrahedron Letters 28: 1624-1626.
51. Molinar, E., N. Rios, C. Spadafora, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2012. Coibanoles, a new class of meroterpenoids from Pycnoporus sanguineus. Tetrahedron Letters 53: 919-922.
50. Martinez-Luis, S., L. Cherigo, A.E. Arnold, C. Spadafora, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2012. Antiparasitic and anticancer constituents of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. Strain F1544. Natural Products Communications 7: 165-168.
49. Wijeratne, E.M.K., B.P. Bashyal, M.X. Liu, D.D. Rocha, G.M. Gunaherath, J.M. U’Ren‡, M.K. Guna-tilaka, A.E. Arnold, L. Whitesell, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2012. Geopyxins A-E, ent-kaurane diterpenoids from endolichenic fungi, Geopyxis aff. majalis and Geopyxis sp. AZ-0066: structure-activity relationships of geopyxins and their analogues. Journal of Natural Products 75: 361-369.
48. Lawrence‡, D.P., B.M. Pryor, S.B. Kroken, A.E. Arnold. 2011. Interkingdom horizontal gene transfer of a hybrid NRPS/PKS from bacteria to filamentous Ascomycota. PLoS ONE 6: e28231.
47. Dalling, J.W., A.S. Davis, B.J. Schutte‡, A.E. Arnold. 2011. Seed survival in soil: integrating effects of predation, dormancy, and the soil microbial community. Journal of Ecology 99: 89-95.
46. Higgins‡ K.L., P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, A.E. Arnold. 2011. Culturing and direct PCR suggest prevalent host-generalism among fungal endophytes of tropical grasses. Mycologia 103: 247-260.
45. Wang, X.N., B.P. Bashyal, E.M. Wijeratne, J. U’Ren‡, M. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2011. Smardaesidins A-G, new isopimarane and 20-Nor-isopimarane diterpenoids isolated from Smardaea sp., endophyte of Ceratodon purpureus. Journal of Natural Products 74: 2052-2061.
44. Moreno, E., T. Varughese, C. Spadafora, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2011. Chemical constituents of the new endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella sp. nov. and their antiparasitic activity. Natural Products Communications 6: 835-840
43. Martinez-Luis, S., L. Cherigo, S. Higginbotham, A.E. Arnold, C. Spadafora, A. Ibañez, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2011. Screening and evaluation of antiparasitic and in vitro anticancer activities of Panamanian endophytic fungi. International Microbiology 14: 95-102.
42. Vega, F.E., A. Simpkins, M.C. Aime, F. Posada, S.W. Peterson, S.A. Rehner, F. Infante, A. Castillo, A.E. Arnold. 2010. Fungal endophyte diversity in coffee plants from Colombia, Hawai’i, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. Fungal Ecology 3: 122-138.
41. U’Ren‡, J.M., F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold. 2010. Community analysis reveals close affinities between endophytic and endolichenic fungi in mosses and lichens. Microbial Ecology 60: 340-353.
40. Epps‡, M.J. and A.E. Arnold. 2010. Diversity, abundance, and community network structure in sporocarp-associated beetle communities in the Appalachian Mountains. Mycologia 102: 785-802.
39. Hoffman‡, M.T. and A.E. Arnold. 2010. Diverse bacteria inhabit living hyphae of phylogenetically diverse foliar endophytes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76: 4063-4075.
38. Arnold, A.E., L.J. Lamit‡, M. Bidartondo, C. Gehring, H.S. Callahan. 2010. Interwoven branches of the plant and fungal trees of life. New Phytologist 185: 874-878.
37. Peay, K., M. Bidartondo, A.E. Arnold. 2010. Not every fungus is everywhere: scaling the biogeography of fungal-plant interactions across roots, shoots, and ecosystems. New Phytologist 185: 878-882.
36. Parrent‡, J.L., K. Peay, A.E. Arnold, L.H. Comas, P. Avis, A. Tuininga. 2010. Moving from pattern to process in fungal symbioses: linking functional traits, community ecology, and phylogenetics. New Phytologist 185: 882-886.
35. Arnold, A.E., J. Miadlikowska, K.L. Higgins#, S.D. Sarvate#, P. Gugger#, A. Way#, V. Hofstetter, F. Kauff, F. Lutzoni. 2009. A phylogenetic estimation of trophic transition networks for ascomycetous fungi: are lichens cradles of symbiotrophic fungal diversification? Systematic Biology 58: 283-297 (cover article).
34. U’Ren‡, J.M., J.W. Dalling, R Gallery‡, D.R. Maddison, E.C. Davis, C.M. Gibson‡, A.E. Arnold. 2009. Diversity and evolutionary origins of fungi associated with seeds of a neotropical pioneer tree: a case study for analyzing fungal environmental samples. Mycological Research 113: 432-449.
33. Maddison, D.R. and A.E. Arnold. 2009. A review of the Bembidion (Odontium) aenulum subgroup (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2214: 45-61.
32. Rodriguez, R.J., J. White, A.E. Arnold, R. Redman. 2009. Fungal endophytes: diversity and ecological roles. New Phytologist 182: 314-330.
31. Arnold, A.E. 2008. Endophytic fungi: hidden components of tropical community ecology. In: Tropical Forest Community Ecology. S. Schnitzer & W. Carson, eds. Blackwell Sci., pp. 254-271.
30. Feldman‡, T.S., H.E. O’Brien‡, A.E. Arnold. 2008. Moths that vector a plant pathogen also transport endophytic fungi and mycoparasitic antagonists. Microbial Ecology 56: 742-750.
29. Hoffman‡, M. and A.E. Arnold. 2008. Geography and host identity interact to shape communities of endophytic fungi in cupressaceous trees. Mycological Research 112: 331-344.
28. Kluger#, C., J.W. Dalling, R.E. Gallery‡, E. Sanchez, C. Weeks-Galindo#, A.E. Arnold. 2008. Prevalent host-generalism among fungi associated with seeds of four neotropical pioneer species. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24: 351-354.
27. Bruns, T., A.E. Arnold, K. Hughes. 2008. Fungal networks made of humans: UNITE, FESIN, and frontiers in fungal ecology. New Phytologist 177: 586-588.
26. Horton, T.R., A.E. Arnold, T.D. Bruns. 2008. FESIN workshops at ESA: the mycelial network grows. Mycorrhiza 19: 283-285.
25. Jiménez-Romero, C., E. Ortega-Barria, A.E. Arnold, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2008. Activity against Plasmodium falciparum of lactones isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. Pharmaceutical Biology 46: 700-703.
24. Kithsiri Wijeratne, E.M., P.A. Paranagama, M.T. Marron, M.K. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2008. Sesquiterpene quinines and related metabolites from Phyllosticta spinarum, a fungus endophytic in Platycladus orientalis in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Natural Products 71: 218-222.
23. Mejía‡, L.C., E.I. Rojas, Z. Maynard, S. Van Bael, A.E. Arnold, P. Hebbar, G.J. Samuels, N. Robbins, E.A. Herre. 2008. Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents of Theobroma cacao pathogens. Biological Control 46: 4-14.
22. Rojas E.I., E.A. Herre, L.C. Mejia‡, A.E. Arnold, P. Chaverri, G.J. Samuels. 2008. Endomelanconiopsis, a new anamorph genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Mycologia 100: 760-775.
21. Arnold, A.E. 2007. Understanding the diversity of foliar fungal endophytes: progress, challenges, and frontiers. Fungal Biology Reviews 21: 56-61.
20. Arnold, A.E. and F. Lutzoni. 2007. Diversity and host range of foliar fungal endophytes: Are tropical leaves biodiversity hotspots? Ecology 88: 541-549.
19. Arnold, A.E., D.A. Henk‡, R.L. Eells#, F. Lutzoni, R. Vilgalys. 2007. Diversity and phylogenetic affinities of foliar fungal endophytes in loblolly pine: culturing and environmental PCR. Mycologia 99: 185-206.
18. Arnold*, A.E. and B.M.J. Engelbrecht. 2007. Fungal endophytes nearly double minimum leaf conductance in seedlings of a tropical tree. Journal of Tropical Ecology 23: 369-372.
17. Gallery, R. ‡, J.W. Dalling, A.E. Arnold. 2007. Diversity, host affinity, and distribution of seed-infecting fungi: A case study with neotropical Cecropia. Ecology 88: 582-588.
16. Gallery, R.E. ‡, J.W. Dalling, B. Wolfe#, A.E. Arnold. 2007. Role of seed-infecting fungi in the recruitment limitation of neotropical pioneer species. In Seed dispersal: Theory and its application in a changing world. A. Dennis, R. Green, E. Schupp and D. Westcott, eds. CABI Press. pp. 479-498.
15. Tsai, Y.J. #, K. Maloney#, A.E. Arnold. 2007. Abiotic and biotic factors influencing distribution of Pyrgulopsis thompsoni, the Huachuca springsnail. Journal of Aquatic Ecology 22: 213-218.
14. Agrawal, A.A., D.A. Ackerly, F. Adler, A.E. Arnold, C. Cáceres, D.F. Doak, E. Post, P. Hudson, J. Maron, K.A. Mooney‡, M. Power, D. Schemske, J.J. Stachowicz, S.Y. Strauss, M.G. Turner, E. Werner. 2007. Filling key gaps in population and community ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 145-152.
13. Agrawal, A.A., D.A. Ackerly, F. Adler, A.E. Arnold, C. Cáceres, D.F. Doak, E. Post, P. Hudson, J. Maron, K.A. Mooney‡, M. Power, D. Schemske, J.J. Stachowicz, S.Y. Strauss, M.G. Turner, E. Werner. 2007. In support of observational studies (reply). Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 294:295.
12. Higgins, K. L. #, A.E. Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, S.D. Sarvate#, F. Lutzoni. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships, host affinity, and geographic structure of boreal and arctic endophytes from three major plant lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 543-555.
11. Paranagama, P.A., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, M.K. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2007. Heptaketides from Corynespora sp. inhabiting the cavern beard lichen, Usnea cavernosa: first report of metabolites of an endolichenic fungus. Journal of Natural Products 70: 1700-1705.
10. James, T.Y., F. Kauff, C. Schoch, P.B. Matheny, V. Hofstetter, C. Cox, G. Celio, C. Gueidan‡, E. Fraker, J. Miadlikowska, H.T. Lumbsch, A. Rauhut, V. Reeb‡, A.E. Arnold, A. Amtoft‡, J.E. Stajich‡, K. Hosaka‡, G.-H. Sung‡, D. Johnson, B. O’Rourke, M. Crockett, M. Binder, J.M. Curtis, J.C. Slot, Z. Wang, A.W. Wilson, A. Schüßler, J.E. Longcore, K. O’Donnell, S. Mozley-Standridge, D. Porter, P.M. Letcher, M.J. Powell, J.W. Taylor, M.M. White, G.W. Griffith, D.R. Davies, R.A. Humber, J.B. Morton, J. Sugiyama, A.Y. Rossman, J.D. Rogers, D.H. Pfister, D. Hewitt, K. Hansen, S. Hambleton, R.A. Shoemaker, J. Kohlmeyer, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, R.A. Spotts, M. Serdani, P.W. Crous, K.W. Hughes, K. Matsuura, E. Langer, G. Langer, W.A. Untereiner, R. Lücking, B. Büdel, D.M. Geiser, A. Aptroot, P. Diederich, I. Schmitt, M. Schultz, R. Yahr‡, D. Hibbett, F. Lutzoni, D. McLaughlin, J. Spatafora, R. Vilgalys. 2006. Reconstructing the early evolution of the fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature 443: 818-822.
9. Miadlikowska, J., F. Kauff, V. Hofstetter, E. Fraker, M. Grube, V. Reeb‡, G. Hestmark, B. Hodgkinson‡, M. Kukwa, M.G. Otalora‡, A. Rauhut, C. Scheidegger, E. Timdal, S. Stenroos, I. Brodo, D. Ertz‡, P. Diederich, R. Lücking, J.C. Lendemer‡, E. Tripp‡, R. Yahr‡, P. May, G. Perlmutter, D.M. Hillis, W.R. Buck, C. Gueidan‡, A.E. Arnold, C. Robertson, J. Hafellner, F. Lutzoni. 2006. New insights from nuclear ribosomal and protein coding genes into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota). Mycologia 98: 1088-1103.
8. Spatafora, J.W., C. Schoch, D. Johnson, G-H. Sung‡, K. Hosaka‡, B. O’Rourke, M. Serdani, R. Spotts, F. Lutzoni, V. Hofstetter, E. Fraker, C. Gueidan‡, J. Miadlikowska, V. Reeb‡, M. Saunders#, R. Yahr‡, A.E. Arnold, T. Lumbsch, R. Lücking. 2006. A five-gene phylogenetic analysis of the Pezizomycotina. Mycologia 98: 1018-1028.
7. Arnold*, A.E., L. Mejía, D. Kyllo, E. Rojas, Z. Maynard, N. Robbins, E.A. Herre. 2003. Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 15649-15654.
6. Lutzoni, F., F. Kauff, C. Cox, D. McLaughlin, G. Celio‡, B. Dentinger‡, M. Padamsee‡, D. Hibbett, T.Y. James‡, E. Baloch, M. Grube, V. Reeb‡, V. Hofstetter, C. Schoch, A.E. Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, J. Spatafora, D. Johnson, S. Hambleton, M. Crockett, R. Shoemaker, G.-H. Sung‡, R. Lücking, T. Lumbsch, K. O’Donnell, M. Binder, P. Diederich, D. Ertz‡, C. Gueidan‡, K. Hansen, K. Hosaka, Y.-W. Lim, B. Matheny‡, H. Nishida, D. Pfister, J. Rogers, A. Rossman, I. Schmitt, H. Sipman, J. Stone, J. Sugiyama, R. Yahr‡, R Vilgalys. 2003. Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and the evolution of subcellular traits. American Journal of Botany 91: 1446-1480.
5. Arnold*, A.E. and E.A. Herre. 2003. Canopy cover and leaf age affect colonization by tropical fungal endophytes: Ecological pattern and process in Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae). Mycologia 95: 388-398.
4. Arnold*, A.E. and N.M. Asquith. 2002. Herbivory in a fragmented tropical forest: patterns from islands at Lago Gatún, Panamá. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1663-1680.
3. Arnold*, A.E., Z. Maynard, G. Gilbert. 2001. Fungal endophytes in dicotyledonous neotropical trees: patterns of abundance and diversity. Mycological Research 105: 1502-1507.
2. Arnold*, A.E., Z. Maynard, G. Gilbert, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar. 2000. Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse? Ecology Letters 3: 267-274.
1. Asquith*, N.M., J. Terborgh, A.E. Arnold, M. Riveros-C. 1999. The fruits the agouti ate: Hymenaea courbaril seed fate when its disperser is absent: evidence from Lago Guri, Venezuela. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15: 229-235.
138. Franco, M.E.E., J.H. Wisecaver, A.E. Arnold, Y.-M. Ju, J.C. Slot, (30 others), J.M. U’Ren. 2021. Secondary
metabolism drives ecological breadth in the Xylariaceae. New Phytologist, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17873.
137. Healy, R.A., A.E. Arnold, G. Bonito, Y.-L. Huang, B. Lemmond, D.H. Pfister, M.E. Smith. 2021. Endophytism and endolichenism in Pezizomycetes: the exception or the rule? New Phytologist. https://doi: 10.1111/nph.17886.
136. Arnold, A.E. and D.C. Sandberg. 2021. Clohesyomyces symbioticus sp. nov., a fungal endophyte associated with roots of water smartweed (Persicaria amphibia). Plant and Fungal Systematics 66:201-210.
135. Qu, W., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, B.P. Bashyal, J. Xu, Y.-M. Xu, M.X. Liu, M.C. Inacio, A.E. Arnold, J.M. U’Ren, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2021. Strobiloscyphones A-F, 6-isopentylsphaeropsidones and other metabolites from Strobiloscypha sp. AZ0266, a leaf-associated fungus of Douglas fir. Journal of Natural Products 84:2575-2586.
134. Arnold, A.E., A.H. Harrington‡, Y.-L. Huang, J. M. U’Ren, N.C. Massimo, V. Knight-Connoni, P. Inderbitzin. 2021. Coniochaeta elegans sp. nov., C. montana sp. nov., and C. nivea sp. nov.: three new species of endophytes with distinctive morphology and functional traits. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
133. Arnold, A.E., A.H. Harrington‡, J.M. U’Ren, S. Oita‡, and P. Inderbitzin. 2021. Two new endophytic species enrich the Coniochaeta endophytica / C. prunicola clade: Coniochaeta palaoa sp. nov. and C. lutea sp. nov. Plant and Fungal Systematics 66:66-78.
132. Fehmi, J., C. Rasmussen, A.E. Arnold. 2021. The pioneer effect advantage in plant invasions: site priming of native grasslands by invasive grasses. Ecosphere 12:e03750.
131. Bowman‡, E.A. and A.E. Arnold. 2021. Drivers and implications of distance decay differ for ectomycorrhizal and foliar endophytic fungi across an anciently fragmented landscape. ISMEJ, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01006-9.
130. Zalamea, P.-C., C. Sarmiento, A.E. Arnold, A.S. Davis, A. Ferrer, J.W. Dalling. 2021. Closely related tree species support distinctive communities of seed-associated fungi in a lowland tropical forest. Journal of Ecology 109:1858-1872.
129. Oita‡, S., A. Ibáñez, F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, J. Geml, L.A. Lewis, E.F.Y. Hom, I. Carbone, A.E. Arnold. 2021. Climate and seasonality drive richness and composition of tropical fungal endophytes at a landscape scale. Communications Biology 4:e313.
128. Oita‡, S., J. Carey, I. Kline‡, A. Ibáñez, N. Yang#, E.F.Y. Hom, I. Carbone, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold. 2021. Methodological approaches frame insights into endophyte richness and community composition. Microbial Ecology 82:21-34.
127. Bowman‡, E.A., D.R. Hayden#, A.E. Arnold. 2021. Fire history and local factors shape ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Pinus ponderosa in mountains of the Madrean Sky Island Archipelago. Fungal Ecology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101013
126. Xu, Y.-M., A.E. Arnold, J.M. U’Ren, L.-J. Xuan, W. Wang, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2020. Teratospyrones A-C, dimeric naptho-y-pyrones, and other metabolites from Teratosphaeria sp. AK1128, a fungal endophyte of Equisetum arvense. Molecules 25: e5058.
125. de Amorim, M.R., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, A. E. Arnold, A. N. Batista, J. M. Batista, L. C. dos Santos. 2020. An epigenetic modifier induces production of 3-(4-oxopyrano)-chromen-2-ones in Aspergillus sp. AST0006, an endophytic fungus of Astragalus lentiginosus. Tetrahedron 76: e131525.
124. Dalling, J.W., A.S. Davis, A.E. Arnold, C. Sarmiento, P.-C. Zalamea. 2020. Extending plant defense theory to seeds. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012120-115156
123. U’Ren, J.M., F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, N.B. Zimmerman, I. Carbone, G. May, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Host availability drives distributions of fungal endophytes in the imperiled boreal realm. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3: 1430-1437.
122. Baltrus, D.A., M. Clark, P. Inderbitzin, D. Pignatta, V. Knight-Connoni, A.E. Arnold. 2019. A complete genome sequence for Luteibacter pinisoli MAH-14. Microbiobiology Resource Announcements 8: e00774-19.
121. von Arx, M., A. Moore#, G. Davidowitz, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Diversity and distribution of microbial communities in floral nectar of two night-blooming plants of the Sonoran Desert. PLoS One 14: e0225309.
120. Carbone, I.C., J. White, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold, M.A. Miller, J.M. U’Ren, F. Lutzoni. 2019. T-BAS version 2.1: Tree-based alignment selector toolkit for evolutionary placement and viewing of alignments and metadata on curated and custom reference trees. Microbiobiology Resource Announcements 8: e00328-19.
119. Harrington‡, A.H., M. Del Olmo-Ruiz‡, J.M. U’Ren‡, K. Garcia, D. Pignatta, N. Wespe, D.C. Sandberg‡, M. Hoffman‡, Y.-L. Huang‡, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Coniochaeta endophytica sp. nov., a foliar endophyte from healthy tissue of Platycladus orientalis. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64: 65-79.
118. McIntosh, M.E., A.E. Boyd, A.E. Arnold, R.J. Steidl, L.A. McDade. 2019. Demography of a declining population of the endangered Nichol's Turk's head cactus, Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii. Plant Species Biology DOI: 10.1111/1442-1984.12251.
117. Jaspers, C., S. Fraune, A.E. Arnold, D. Miller, T. Bosch, C. Voolstra, and Boden Consortium. 2019. Resolving meta-organisms through a holistic framework combining reductionist and integrative approaches. Zoology https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2019.02.007 (cover).
116. Taylor#, M.J., R.W. Mannan, J.M. U’Ren, N.P. Garber, R.E. Gallery, A.E. Arnold. 2019. Age-related variation in the oral microbiome of urban Cooper’s hawks (Accipiter cooperii). BMC Microbiology 19:e47.
115. Lutzoni, F., M. Nowak, M. Alfaro, J. Miadlikowska, D. Swofford, A.E. Arnold, D. Hibbett, K. Hilu, T. James, D. Quandt, S. Magallón. 2018. Synchronized radiations in plants and fungi linked to symbiosis. Nature Communications 9: e5451.
114. Daru, B.H., E.A. Bowman‡, D. Pfister, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Capturing the diversity of endophytic symbionts from herbarium specimens. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 374: e1.
113. Epps‡, M.J. and A.E. Arnold. 2018. Interaction networks of macrofungi and mycophagous beetles reflect diurnal variation and the size and spatial arrangement of resources. Fungal Ecology 37: 48-56.
112. Shaffer‡, J.P., P.-C. Zalamea, C. Sarmiento, R.E. Gallery, J.W. Dalling, A.S. Davis, D.A. Baltrus, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Context-dependent and variable effects of endohyphal bacteria on interactions between fungi and seeds. Fungal Ecology 36: 117-127.
111. Huang‡, Y.-L., N.B. Zimmerman, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Observation on the early establishment of foliar endophytic fungi in leaf discs and living leaves of a model woody angiosperm, Populus trichocarpa (Salicaceae). Journal of Fungi 4: e58 (cover).
110. Zalamea, P.-C., J.W. Dalling, C. Sarmiento, A.E. Arnold, C. Delevich‡, M.A. Berbow, A. Ndobegang, S. Gripenberg, A.S. Davis. 2018. Dormancy-defense syndromes and trade-offs between physical and chemical defenses in seeds. Ecology DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2419.
109. Huang‡, Y.-L., E.A. Bowman, N.C. Massimo, N.P. Garber, J.M. U’Ren, D.C. Sandberg, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Using collections data to infer biogeographic, environmental, and host structure in communities of endophytic fungi. Mycologia 110: 47-62.
108. Padumadasa, C., Y.-M. Xu, E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, P. Espinosa, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2018. Cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic metabolites from Teratosphaeria sp. FL2137, a fungus associated with Pinus clausa. Journal of Natural Products 81: 616-624.
107. Chen‡, K.-H., H.-L. Liao, A.E. Arnold, F. Lutzoni. 2018. RNA-based analyses reveal fungal communities structured by a senescence gradient in the moss Dicranum scoparium and the presence of putative multi-trophic fungi. New Phytologist 218: 1597-1611.
106. Bowman‡, E.A., A.E. Arnold. 2018. Distributions of ectomycorrhizal and foliar endophytic fungi associated with Pinus ponderosa along a spatially constrained elevation gradient. American Journal of Botany 105: 687-699.
105. Epps‡, M.J. and A.E. Arnold. 2018. Quantifying beetle-macrofungal associations in a temperate biodiversity hotspot. Mycologia 110: 269-285.
104. Sarmiento, C., P.-C. Zalamea, J.W. Dalling, A.S. Davis, S.M. Stump‡, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold. 2017. Soilborne fungi have host affinity and host-specific effects on seed germination and survival in a lowland tropical forest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 114: 11458-11463.
103. Araldi-Brondolo‡, S.A., J.S. Spraker, J.P. Shaffer‡, E.H. Woytenko‡, D.A. Baltrus, R.E. Gallery, A.E. Arnold 2017. Bacterial endosymbionts: master modulators of fungal phenotypes. Microbiology Spectrum 5: e0056.
102. Gubiani, J., K. Wijeratne, T. Shi, A. Araujo, A.E. Arnold, E. Chapman, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2017. An epigenetic modifier induces production of (10S)-verruculide B, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases by Phoma sp. LG219, a fungal endophyte of Parkinsonia microphylla. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 25: 1860-1866.
101. Shaffer‡, J.P., J.M. U’Ren, D.A. Baltrus, R.E. Gallery, A.E. Arnold. 2017. An endohyphal bacterium (Chitinophaga, Bacteroidetes) influences carbon source use by Fusarium keratoplasticum (F. solani species complex, Nectriaceae). Frontiers in Microbiology 8: e350.
100. Torres-Cruz‡, T.J., T.L.B. Tobias, M. Almatruk, C. Hesse, C.R. Kuske, A. Desiro, G.M.N. Benucci, G. Bonito, J. Stajich, C. Dunlap, A.E. Arnold, A. Porras-Alfaro. 2017. Bifiguratus adelaidae, gen. nov. sp. nov., a new lineage of Mucoromycotina with endophytic and soil-dwelling strains. Mycologia 109: 363-378.
99. Arnold, A.E., E.M. Andersen‡, M.J. Taylor#, R.J. Steidl. 2017. Using cytochrome b to identify nests and museum specimens of cryptic songbirds. Conservation Genetics Resources 9: 451-458.
98. Luo, J.-G.., Y.-M. Xu, D.C. Sandberg, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2017. Montagnuphilones A-G, azaphilones from Montagnulaceae sp. DM0194, a fungal endophyte of submerged roots of Persicaria amphibia. Journal of Natural Products 80: 76-81.
97. Baltrus, D.A., K. Dougherty, K.R. Arendt, M. Huntemann, A. Clum, M. Pillay, K. Palaniappan, N. Varghese, N. Mikhailova, D. Stamatis, T.B.K. Reddy, C.Y. Ngan, C. Daum, N. Shapiro, V. Markowitz, N. Ivanova, N. Kyrpides, T. Woyke, A.E. Arnold. 2017. Absence of genome reduction in diverse, facultative endohyphal bacteria. Microbial Genomics 3: 000101.
96. Bashyal, B.P., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, J. Tillotson, A.E. Arnold, E. Chapman, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2017. Chlorinated dehydrocurvularins and alterperylenepoxide A from Alternaria sp. AST0039, a fungal endophyte of Astragalus lentiginosus. Journal of Natural Products 80: 427-433.
95. Carbone, I.C., J.B. White‡, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold, M.A. Miller, F. Kauff, C. Schoch, J.M. U’Ren, G. May, F. Lutzoni. 2016. Enhancing fungal species discovery and description using T-BAS: Tree-Based Alignment Selector toolkit for phylogenetic-based placement, alignment downloads, and metadata visualization. Bioinformatics 33: 1160-1168.
94. U’Ren, J.M. and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Diversity, taxonomic composition, and functional aspects of fungal communities in living, senescent, and fallen leaves at five sites across North America. PeerJ 4: 2768.
93. Shaffer‡, J.S., C. Sarmiento, P.-C. Zalamea, R.E. Gallery, A.S. Davis, D.A. Baltrus, A.E. Arnold. 2016. Diversity, specificity, and phylogenetic relationships of endohyphal bacteria in fungi that inhabit tropical seeds and leaves. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 4: 116.
92. Del Olmo-Ruiz‡, M. and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Community structure of fern-affiliated endophytes in three neo-tropical forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 33: 60-73.
91. Arendt‡, K.R., K.L. Hockett, S.J. Araldi-Brondolo, D.A. Baltrus, A.E. Arnold. 2016. Isolation of endohyphal bacteria from foliar fungi and in vitro establishment of their symbiotic associations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82: 2943-2949.
90. U’Ren, J.M., J. Miadlikowska, N. Zimmerman, F. Lutzoni, J. Stajich, A.E. Arnold. 2016. Contributions of North American endophytes to the phylogeny, ecology, and taxonomy of the Xylariaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 98: 210-232.
89. Sousa, J., M. Aguilar-Perez, A.E. Arnold, N. Rios, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, and L. Cubilla-Rios. 2016. Chemical constituents and their antibacterial activity from the tropical endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. F2934. Journal of Applied Microbiology 120: 1501-1508.
88. Kithsiri Wijeratne, E.M., G.M.K.B. Gunaherath, V.M. Chapla, J. Tillotson, F. de la Cruz, M. Kang, J. U’Ren, A.R. Araujo, A.E. Arnold, E. Chapman, and AA.L. Gunatilaka. 2016. Oxaspirol B with p97 inhibitory activity and other oxaspirols from Lecythophora sp. FL1375 and FL1031, endolichenic fungal strains inhabiting Parmotrema tinctorum and Cladonia evansii. Journal of Natural Products 79: 340-352.
87. Ohkura, M., J.J. Worley, J.E. Hughes-Hallett, J.S. Fisher, B.C. Love, A.E. Arnold, and M. J. Orbach. 2016. Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola on a captive black racer (Coluber constrictor) and a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) in Pennsylvania. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47: 341-346.
86. Chagnon, P.-L., J.M. U’Ren, F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Interaction type influences ecological network structure more than local abiotic conditions: evidence from fungal symbionts at a continental scale. Oecologia 180: 181-191.
85. Huang‡, Y.-L., M.M.N. Devan, J.M. U’Ren, S.H. Furr, and A.E. Arnold. 2016. Pervasive effects of wildfire on foliar endophyte communities in montane forest trees. Microbial Ecology 71: 452-468.
84. Xu, Y., B.P. Bashyal, M.X. Liu, P. Espinosa-Artiles, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Cytotoxic cytochalasins and other metabolites from Xylariaceae sp. FL0390, a fungal endophyte of Spanish moss. Natural Products Communications 10:1655-1658.
83. Xu, Y., J. Mafezoli, M.C.F. Oliveira, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Anteaglonialides A–F, Spironaphtho-1,8-dioxincyclohexa--butyrolactones and Palmarumycins CE1–CE3 from Anteaglonium sp. FL0768, a fungal endophyte of sand spikemoss, Selaginella arenicola. Journal of Natural Products 78: 2738-2747.
82. Wei, H., Y. Xu, P., Espinosa-Artiles, M.X. Liu, J.-G. Luo, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Sesquiterpenes and other constituents of Xylaria sp. NC1214, a fungal endophyte of the moss Hypnum sp. Phytochemistry 118: 102-108.
81. Wijeratne, E.M.K., Y. Xu, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2015. Pulvinulin A, graminin C, and cis-gregatin B--new natural furanones from Pulvinula sp. 11120, a fungal endophyte of Cupressus arizonica. Natural Product Communications 10: 107-111.
80. Martinson‡, E., J. Hackett, C. Machado, A.E. Arnold. 2015. Metatranscriptome analysis of fig flowers suggests mechanisms for mutualism stability and gall induction. PloS ONE 10: e0130745.
79. Zalamea, P.C., C. Sarmiento, A.E. Arnold, A. Davis, J. Dalling. 2015. Do microbes and abrasion by soil particles influence seed persistence and loss of physical dormancy in tropical seedbanks? Frontiers in Plant Science 5: 799 (doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00799).
78. Corrales‡, A.O., A.E. Arnold, A. Ferrer, B. Turner, J.W. Dalling. 2015. Variation in ectomycorrhizal communities associated with Oreomunnea mexicana (Juglandaceae) in tropical montane forests. Mycorrhiza 26: 1-17.
77. Massimo#, N., M.M.N. Devan#, K.R. Arendt‡, M. Wilch°, J.M. Riddle#, S.H. Furr°, C. Steen#, J.M. U’Ren, D.C. Sandberg‡, A.E. Arnold. 2015. Fungal endophytes of desert plants: infrequent in culture, but diverse and distinctive symbionts. Microbial Ecology DOI 10.1007/s00248-014-0563-6.
76. Chen‡, K.H., J. Miadlikowska, K. Molnar, A.E. Arnold, J.M. U’Ren, E. Gaya, C. Gueidan, F. Lutzoni. 2015. Phylogenetic analyses of eurotiomycetous endophytes reveal their close affinities to Chaetothyriales, Eurotiales, and a new order – Phaeomoniellales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 85: 117-130.
75. Luo, J.O., X.B. Wang, Y.M. Zu, J.M. U’Ren, A.E. Arnold, L.Y. Kong, A.A.L. 2014. Gunatilaka. Delitschiapyrone A, a pyrone-naphthalenone adduct bearing an unprecedented pentacyclic ring system from the leaf-associated fungus Delitschia sp. FL1581. Organic Letters 16: 5944-5947.
74. U’Ren, J.M., J.M. Riddle#, J.T. Monacell‡, I. Carbone, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold. 2014. Tissue storage and primer selection influence pyrosequencing-based inferences of diversity and community structure of endophytic fungi. Molecular Ecology Resources 14:1032-1048.
73. Higginbotham, S.J., W.R. Wong, R.G. Linington, C. Spadafora, L. Iturrado, A.E. Arnold. 2014. Sloth fur as a novel source of fungi with potent anti-parasitic and anti-bacterial activity. PLoS One 9: e84549 (top-viewed paper, early 2014; > 71,600 views in January; extensive popular press).
72. Sandberg‡, D.C., L.J. Battista#, A.E. Arnold. 2014. Fungal endophytes of aquatic macrophytes: diverse host-generalists characterized by tissue preferences and geographic structure. Microbial Ecology 67: 735-747.
71. Del Olmo‡, M. and A.E. Arnold. 2014. Interannual variation and host affiliations of endophytic fungi associated with ferns at La Selva, Costa Rica. Mycologia 106: 8-21.
70. Higgins‡, K.L., A.E. Arnold, P. Coley, T. Kursar. 2014. Communities of fungal endophytes in tropical forest grasses: diverse host- and habitat generalists characterized by strong spatial structure. Fungal Ecology 8: 1-11.
69. Oono, R., F. Lutzoni, A.E. Arnold, L. Kaye#, J.M. U’Ren, G. May, I. Carbone. 2014. Genetic variation in horizontally transmitted symbionts of pine needles reveals population structure in cryptic species. American Journal of Botany 101: 1362-1374.
68. Almeida, C., H. Ortega, S. Higginbotham, C. Spadafora, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2014. Chemical constituents from Microthyriaceae sp., an endophytic fungus from a tropical grass. Letters in Applied Microbiology 59: 58-64.
67. Miadlikowska, J.M., F. Kauff, F. Hognabba, J.C. Oliver, K. Molnar, E. Fraker, E. Gaya, J. Hafellner, V. Hofstetter, C. Gueidan, M. Kukwa, M. Lücking, C. Björk, H.J. M. Sipman, A.R. Burgaz, A. Thell, A. Passo, L. Myllys, T. Goward, S. Fernandez-Brime, G. Hestmark, J. Lendemer, H.T. Lumbsch, M. Schmull, C. Schoch, E. Serusiaux, D.R. Maddison, A.E. Arnold, F. Lutzoni, S. Stenroos. 2014. Multigene phylogenetic analysis for 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 312 genera, and 66 families of the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79: 132-168 (Editor’s Choice)
66. Nilsson, R.H., K.D. Hyde, J. Pawlowska, M. Ryberg, L. Tedersoo, A.B. Aas, S.A. Alias, A. Alves, C.L. Anderson, A. Antonelli, A.E. Arnold, B. Bahnmann, M. Bahram, J. Bengtsson-Palme, A. Berlin, S. Branco, P. Chomnunti, A. Dissanayake, R. Drenkhan, H. Friberg, T.G. Frøslev, B. Halwachs, M. Hartmann, B. Henricot, R. Jayawardena, A. Jumpponen, H. Kauserud, S. Koskela, T. Kulik, K. Liimatainen, B. Lindahl, D. Lindner, J.K. Liu, S. Maharachchikumbura, D. Manamgoda, S. Martinsson, M.A. Neves, T. Niskanen, S. Nylinder, O.L. Pereira, D.B. Pinho, T.M. Porter, V. Queloz, T. Riit, M. Sanchez-García, F. de Sousa, E. Stefaczyk, M. Tadych, S. Takamatsu, Q. Tian, D. Udayanga, M. Unterseher, Z. Wang, S. Wikee, J. Yan, E. Larsson, K-H. Larsson, U. Kõljalg, K. Abarenkov. 2014. A distributed effort to improve the annotation of public ITS sequence data for plant pathogenic fungi. Fungal Diversity 67: 11-19.
65. Higginbotham, S.J., A.E. Arnold, A. Ibañez, C. Spadafora, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar. 2013. Bioactivity of fungal endophytes as a function of their taxonomy and the taxonomy and distribution of host plants. PLoS One 8: e73192.
64. Lau‡, M., N.C. Johnson, A.E. Arnold. 2013. Factors influencing communities of foliar fungal endophytes in riparian woody plants. Fungal Ecology 6: 365-378.
63. Hoffman‡, M.T., M. Gunatilaka, E.M.K. Wijeratne, A.A.L. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold. 2013. Endohyphal bacterium enhances production of indole-3-acetic acid by a foliar fungal endophyte. PLoS One 8: e73132.
62. Tedersoo, L., A.E. Arnold, K. Hansen. 2013. Novel aspects in the life cycle and biotrophic interactions in the Pezizomycetes. Molecular Ecology 22: 1488-1493.
61. Martinson‡, E.O., K.C. Jander, Y.Q. Peng, H.H. Chen, C.A. Machado, A.E. Arnold, E.A. Herre. 2013. Relative investment in egg loads and poison sacs in fig wasps: implications for physio-logical mechanisms underlying seed and wasp production in figs. Acta Oecologica 57: 58-66.
60. Ortega, H.E., P.R. Graupner, Y. Asai, K. TenDyke, D. Qui, Y.Y. Shen, N. Rios, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2013. Mycoleptodiscin A and B, cytotoxic alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus. Journal of Natural Products 76: 741-744.
59. Wanigesekara, A., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2013. 10’-Deoxy-10’ alpha-hydroxyascochlorin, a new cell migration inhibitor and other metabolites from Acre-monium, an endophyte in Ephedra trifurca. Natural Products Communications 8: 601-604.
58. Xu, Y.-M., P. Espinosa-Artiles, M.P. Liu, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2013. Secoemestrin D, a cytotoxic epitetrathiodioxopiperizine, and emericellenes A-E, five sesterterpenoids from Emericella sp. AST0036, a fungal endophyte of Astragalus lentiginosus. Journal of Natural Products 12: 2330-2336.
57. Bascom-Slack, C., A.E. Arnold, S.A. Strobel. 2012. Student-directed discovery of the plant microbiome and its products. Science 338: 485-486.
56. Martinson‡, E.O., E.A. Herre, C.A. Machado, A.E. Arnold. 2012. Culture-free survey reveals diverse fungal communities associated with figs (Ficus) in Panama. Microbial Ecology 64: 1073-1084.
55. U’Ren‡, J., F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, A. Laetsch, A.E. Arnold. 2012. Host and geographic structure of endophytic and endolichenic fungi at a continental scale. American Journal of Botany 99: 898-914.
54. Gazis‡, R., J. Miadlikowska, F. Lutzoni, A.E. Arnold, P. Chaverri. 2012. Culture-based study of endophytes associated with rubber trees in Peru reveals a new class of Pezizomycotina: Xylonomycetes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65: 294-304.
53. Milani‡, N.A., D.P. Lawrence, A.E. Arnold, H.D. vanEtten. 2012. Origin of pistatin demethylase (PDA) in the genus Fusarium. Fungal Genetics and Biology 49: 933-942.
52. Varughese, T., N. Riosa, S. Higginbotham, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2012. Antifungal depsidone metabolites from Cordyceps dipterigena, an endo-phyte antagonistic to the phytopathogen Giberella fujikoroi. Tetrahedron Letters 28: 1624-1626.
51. Molinar, E., N. Rios, C. Spadafora, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2012. Coibanoles, a new class of meroterpenoids from Pycnoporus sanguineus. Tetrahedron Letters 53: 919-922.
50. Martinez-Luis, S., L. Cherigo, A.E. Arnold, C. Spadafora, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2012. Antiparasitic and anticancer constituents of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. Strain F1544. Natural Products Communications 7: 165-168.
49. Wijeratne, E.M.K., B.P. Bashyal, M.X. Liu, D.D. Rocha, G.M. Gunaherath, J.M. U’Ren‡, M.K. Guna-tilaka, A.E. Arnold, L. Whitesell, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2012. Geopyxins A-E, ent-kaurane diterpenoids from endolichenic fungi, Geopyxis aff. majalis and Geopyxis sp. AZ-0066: structure-activity relationships of geopyxins and their analogues. Journal of Natural Products 75: 361-369.
48. Lawrence‡, D.P., B.M. Pryor, S.B. Kroken, A.E. Arnold. 2011. Interkingdom horizontal gene transfer of a hybrid NRPS/PKS from bacteria to filamentous Ascomycota. PLoS ONE 6: e28231.
47. Dalling, J.W., A.S. Davis, B.J. Schutte‡, A.E. Arnold. 2011. Seed survival in soil: integrating effects of predation, dormancy, and the soil microbial community. Journal of Ecology 99: 89-95.
46. Higgins‡ K.L., P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, A.E. Arnold. 2011. Culturing and direct PCR suggest prevalent host-generalism among fungal endophytes of tropical grasses. Mycologia 103: 247-260.
45. Wang, X.N., B.P. Bashyal, E.M. Wijeratne, J. U’Ren‡, M. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2011. Smardaesidins A-G, new isopimarane and 20-Nor-isopimarane diterpenoids isolated from Smardaea sp., endophyte of Ceratodon purpureus. Journal of Natural Products 74: 2052-2061.
44. Moreno, E., T. Varughese, C. Spadafora, A.E. Arnold, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2011. Chemical constituents of the new endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella sp. nov. and their antiparasitic activity. Natural Products Communications 6: 835-840
43. Martinez-Luis, S., L. Cherigo, S. Higginbotham, A.E. Arnold, C. Spadafora, A. Ibañez, W.H. Gerwick, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2011. Screening and evaluation of antiparasitic and in vitro anticancer activities of Panamanian endophytic fungi. International Microbiology 14: 95-102.
42. Vega, F.E., A. Simpkins, M.C. Aime, F. Posada, S.W. Peterson, S.A. Rehner, F. Infante, A. Castillo, A.E. Arnold. 2010. Fungal endophyte diversity in coffee plants from Colombia, Hawai’i, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. Fungal Ecology 3: 122-138.
41. U’Ren‡, J.M., F. Lutzoni, J. Miadlikowska, A.E. Arnold. 2010. Community analysis reveals close affinities between endophytic and endolichenic fungi in mosses and lichens. Microbial Ecology 60: 340-353.
40. Epps‡, M.J. and A.E. Arnold. 2010. Diversity, abundance, and community network structure in sporocarp-associated beetle communities in the Appalachian Mountains. Mycologia 102: 785-802.
39. Hoffman‡, M.T. and A.E. Arnold. 2010. Diverse bacteria inhabit living hyphae of phylogenetically diverse foliar endophytes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76: 4063-4075.
38. Arnold, A.E., L.J. Lamit‡, M. Bidartondo, C. Gehring, H.S. Callahan. 2010. Interwoven branches of the plant and fungal trees of life. New Phytologist 185: 874-878.
37. Peay, K., M. Bidartondo, A.E. Arnold. 2010. Not every fungus is everywhere: scaling the biogeography of fungal-plant interactions across roots, shoots, and ecosystems. New Phytologist 185: 878-882.
36. Parrent‡, J.L., K. Peay, A.E. Arnold, L.H. Comas, P. Avis, A. Tuininga. 2010. Moving from pattern to process in fungal symbioses: linking functional traits, community ecology, and phylogenetics. New Phytologist 185: 882-886.
35. Arnold, A.E., J. Miadlikowska, K.L. Higgins#, S.D. Sarvate#, P. Gugger#, A. Way#, V. Hofstetter, F. Kauff, F. Lutzoni. 2009. A phylogenetic estimation of trophic transition networks for ascomycetous fungi: are lichens cradles of symbiotrophic fungal diversification? Systematic Biology 58: 283-297 (cover article).
34. U’Ren‡, J.M., J.W. Dalling, R Gallery‡, D.R. Maddison, E.C. Davis, C.M. Gibson‡, A.E. Arnold. 2009. Diversity and evolutionary origins of fungi associated with seeds of a neotropical pioneer tree: a case study for analyzing fungal environmental samples. Mycological Research 113: 432-449.
33. Maddison, D.R. and A.E. Arnold. 2009. A review of the Bembidion (Odontium) aenulum subgroup (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2214: 45-61.
32. Rodriguez, R.J., J. White, A.E. Arnold, R. Redman. 2009. Fungal endophytes: diversity and ecological roles. New Phytologist 182: 314-330.
31. Arnold, A.E. 2008. Endophytic fungi: hidden components of tropical community ecology. In: Tropical Forest Community Ecology. S. Schnitzer & W. Carson, eds. Blackwell Sci., pp. 254-271.
30. Feldman‡, T.S., H.E. O’Brien‡, A.E. Arnold. 2008. Moths that vector a plant pathogen also transport endophytic fungi and mycoparasitic antagonists. Microbial Ecology 56: 742-750.
29. Hoffman‡, M. and A.E. Arnold. 2008. Geography and host identity interact to shape communities of endophytic fungi in cupressaceous trees. Mycological Research 112: 331-344.
28. Kluger#, C., J.W. Dalling, R.E. Gallery‡, E. Sanchez, C. Weeks-Galindo#, A.E. Arnold. 2008. Prevalent host-generalism among fungi associated with seeds of four neotropical pioneer species. Journal of Tropical Ecology 24: 351-354.
27. Bruns, T., A.E. Arnold, K. Hughes. 2008. Fungal networks made of humans: UNITE, FESIN, and frontiers in fungal ecology. New Phytologist 177: 586-588.
26. Horton, T.R., A.E. Arnold, T.D. Bruns. 2008. FESIN workshops at ESA: the mycelial network grows. Mycorrhiza 19: 283-285.
25. Jiménez-Romero, C., E. Ortega-Barria, A.E. Arnold, L. Cubilla-Rios. 2008. Activity against Plasmodium falciparum of lactones isolated from the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. Pharmaceutical Biology 46: 700-703.
24. Kithsiri Wijeratne, E.M., P.A. Paranagama, M.T. Marron, M.K. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2008. Sesquiterpene quinines and related metabolites from Phyllosticta spinarum, a fungus endophytic in Platycladus orientalis in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Natural Products 71: 218-222.
23. Mejía‡, L.C., E.I. Rojas, Z. Maynard, S. Van Bael, A.E. Arnold, P. Hebbar, G.J. Samuels, N. Robbins, E.A. Herre. 2008. Endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents of Theobroma cacao pathogens. Biological Control 46: 4-14.
22. Rojas E.I., E.A. Herre, L.C. Mejia‡, A.E. Arnold, P. Chaverri, G.J. Samuels. 2008. Endomelanconiopsis, a new anamorph genus in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Mycologia 100: 760-775.
21. Arnold, A.E. 2007. Understanding the diversity of foliar fungal endophytes: progress, challenges, and frontiers. Fungal Biology Reviews 21: 56-61.
20. Arnold, A.E. and F. Lutzoni. 2007. Diversity and host range of foliar fungal endophytes: Are tropical leaves biodiversity hotspots? Ecology 88: 541-549.
19. Arnold, A.E., D.A. Henk‡, R.L. Eells#, F. Lutzoni, R. Vilgalys. 2007. Diversity and phylogenetic affinities of foliar fungal endophytes in loblolly pine: culturing and environmental PCR. Mycologia 99: 185-206.
18. Arnold*, A.E. and B.M.J. Engelbrecht. 2007. Fungal endophytes nearly double minimum leaf conductance in seedlings of a tropical tree. Journal of Tropical Ecology 23: 369-372.
17. Gallery, R. ‡, J.W. Dalling, A.E. Arnold. 2007. Diversity, host affinity, and distribution of seed-infecting fungi: A case study with neotropical Cecropia. Ecology 88: 582-588.
16. Gallery, R.E. ‡, J.W. Dalling, B. Wolfe#, A.E. Arnold. 2007. Role of seed-infecting fungi in the recruitment limitation of neotropical pioneer species. In Seed dispersal: Theory and its application in a changing world. A. Dennis, R. Green, E. Schupp and D. Westcott, eds. CABI Press. pp. 479-498.
15. Tsai, Y.J. #, K. Maloney#, A.E. Arnold. 2007. Abiotic and biotic factors influencing distribution of Pyrgulopsis thompsoni, the Huachuca springsnail. Journal of Aquatic Ecology 22: 213-218.
14. Agrawal, A.A., D.A. Ackerly, F. Adler, A.E. Arnold, C. Cáceres, D.F. Doak, E. Post, P. Hudson, J. Maron, K.A. Mooney‡, M. Power, D. Schemske, J.J. Stachowicz, S.Y. Strauss, M.G. Turner, E. Werner. 2007. Filling key gaps in population and community ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 145-152.
13. Agrawal, A.A., D.A. Ackerly, F. Adler, A.E. Arnold, C. Cáceres, D.F. Doak, E. Post, P. Hudson, J. Maron, K.A. Mooney‡, M. Power, D. Schemske, J.J. Stachowicz, S.Y. Strauss, M.G. Turner, E. Werner. 2007. In support of observational studies (reply). Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 294:295.
12. Higgins, K. L. #, A.E. Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, S.D. Sarvate#, F. Lutzoni. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships, host affinity, and geographic structure of boreal and arctic endophytes from three major plant lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 543-555.
11. Paranagama, P.A., E.M. Kithsiri Wijeratne, M.K. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2007. Heptaketides from Corynespora sp. inhabiting the cavern beard lichen, Usnea cavernosa: first report of metabolites of an endolichenic fungus. Journal of Natural Products 70: 1700-1705.
10. James, T.Y., F. Kauff, C. Schoch, P.B. Matheny, V. Hofstetter, C. Cox, G. Celio, C. Gueidan‡, E. Fraker, J. Miadlikowska, H.T. Lumbsch, A. Rauhut, V. Reeb‡, A.E. Arnold, A. Amtoft‡, J.E. Stajich‡, K. Hosaka‡, G.-H. Sung‡, D. Johnson, B. O’Rourke, M. Crockett, M. Binder, J.M. Curtis, J.C. Slot, Z. Wang, A.W. Wilson, A. Schüßler, J.E. Longcore, K. O’Donnell, S. Mozley-Standridge, D. Porter, P.M. Letcher, M.J. Powell, J.W. Taylor, M.M. White, G.W. Griffith, D.R. Davies, R.A. Humber, J.B. Morton, J. Sugiyama, A.Y. Rossman, J.D. Rogers, D.H. Pfister, D. Hewitt, K. Hansen, S. Hambleton, R.A. Shoemaker, J. Kohlmeyer, B. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, R.A. Spotts, M. Serdani, P.W. Crous, K.W. Hughes, K. Matsuura, E. Langer, G. Langer, W.A. Untereiner, R. Lücking, B. Büdel, D.M. Geiser, A. Aptroot, P. Diederich, I. Schmitt, M. Schultz, R. Yahr‡, D. Hibbett, F. Lutzoni, D. McLaughlin, J. Spatafora, R. Vilgalys. 2006. Reconstructing the early evolution of the fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature 443: 818-822.
9. Miadlikowska, J., F. Kauff, V. Hofstetter, E. Fraker, M. Grube, V. Reeb‡, G. Hestmark, B. Hodgkinson‡, M. Kukwa, M.G. Otalora‡, A. Rauhut, C. Scheidegger, E. Timdal, S. Stenroos, I. Brodo, D. Ertz‡, P. Diederich, R. Lücking, J.C. Lendemer‡, E. Tripp‡, R. Yahr‡, P. May, G. Perlmutter, D.M. Hillis, W.R. Buck, C. Gueidan‡, A.E. Arnold, C. Robertson, J. Hafellner, F. Lutzoni. 2006. New insights from nuclear ribosomal and protein coding genes into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota). Mycologia 98: 1088-1103.
8. Spatafora, J.W., C. Schoch, D. Johnson, G-H. Sung‡, K. Hosaka‡, B. O’Rourke, M. Serdani, R. Spotts, F. Lutzoni, V. Hofstetter, E. Fraker, C. Gueidan‡, J. Miadlikowska, V. Reeb‡, M. Saunders#, R. Yahr‡, A.E. Arnold, T. Lumbsch, R. Lücking. 2006. A five-gene phylogenetic analysis of the Pezizomycotina. Mycologia 98: 1018-1028.
7. Arnold*, A.E., L. Mejía, D. Kyllo, E. Rojas, Z. Maynard, N. Robbins, E.A. Herre. 2003. Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 15649-15654.
6. Lutzoni, F., F. Kauff, C. Cox, D. McLaughlin, G. Celio‡, B. Dentinger‡, M. Padamsee‡, D. Hibbett, T.Y. James‡, E. Baloch, M. Grube, V. Reeb‡, V. Hofstetter, C. Schoch, A.E. Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, J. Spatafora, D. Johnson, S. Hambleton, M. Crockett, R. Shoemaker, G.-H. Sung‡, R. Lücking, T. Lumbsch, K. O’Donnell, M. Binder, P. Diederich, D. Ertz‡, C. Gueidan‡, K. Hansen, K. Hosaka, Y.-W. Lim, B. Matheny‡, H. Nishida, D. Pfister, J. Rogers, A. Rossman, I. Schmitt, H. Sipman, J. Stone, J. Sugiyama, R. Yahr‡, R Vilgalys. 2003. Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and the evolution of subcellular traits. American Journal of Botany 91: 1446-1480.
5. Arnold*, A.E. and E.A. Herre. 2003. Canopy cover and leaf age affect colonization by tropical fungal endophytes: Ecological pattern and process in Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae). Mycologia 95: 388-398.
4. Arnold*, A.E. and N.M. Asquith. 2002. Herbivory in a fragmented tropical forest: patterns from islands at Lago Gatún, Panamá. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1663-1680.
3. Arnold*, A.E., Z. Maynard, G. Gilbert. 2001. Fungal endophytes in dicotyledonous neotropical trees: patterns of abundance and diversity. Mycological Research 105: 1502-1507.
2. Arnold*, A.E., Z. Maynard, G. Gilbert, P.D. Coley, T.A. Kursar. 2000. Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse? Ecology Letters 3: 267-274.
1. Asquith*, N.M., J. Terborgh, A.E. Arnold, M. Riveros-C. 1999. The fruits the agouti ate: Hymenaea courbaril seed fate when its disperser is absent: evidence from Lago Guri, Venezuela. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15: 229-235.
Chapters in scholarly books
Technical writing and other contributions
13. Arnold, A.E., A.H. Harrington, and J.A. Myers. 2021. A glorious fungal season: a strong showing by the North American Monsoon helps Arizona’s remarkable fungal diversity come to light. Plant Press Arizona. In press.
12. Bowman, E.A. and A.E. Arnold. 2021. Discovering fungal diversity in threatened Sky Islands. https://naturemicrobiologycommunity.nature.com/
11. Branco, S., G. Moore, R. Shay, K.A. Quandt, B. Lovett, and A.E. Arnold. 2020. Increasing MSA diversity via
interchange, ambassadorship, and recruitment: an opportunity to diversify and promote inclusion throughout our MSA community. Inoculum, Oct. 2020 issue.
10. Bidartondo, M., and 125 others. 2008. Preserving accuracy in GenBank. Science 319: 1616.
9. Arnold, A.E. 2008. Hidden within our botanical richness, a trove of fungal endophytes. Plant Press 32: 13-15.
8. Hoffman‡, M., M. Gunatilaka, J. Ong#, M. Shimabukuro, and A.E. Arnold. 2008. Molecular analysis reveals a distinctive endophyte community associated with foliage of montane oaks in southeastern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 40: 91-100.
7. Bashyal, B.P., A.M. Burns, M.X. Liu, P.A. Paranagama, C.J. Seliga, T.J. Turbyville, E.M.K. Wijeratne, J. Zhan, M.K. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, S.H. Faeth, L. Whitesell, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2007. Discovery of small molecule bioactive agents from endophytic fungi of the Sonoran Desert. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 13, New Zealand Grassland Association, Christchurch.
6. Arnold, A.E. 2005. Diversity and ecology of fungal endophytes in tropical forests. Current Trends in Mycological Research (S. Deshmukh, ed.). Oxford IBH Publishing, New Delhi: pp. 49-68.
5. Mejía, L.C., E. Rojas, Z. Maynard, A.E. Arnold, D. Kyllo, N. Robbins, and E.A. Herre. 2003. Inoculation of beneficial endophytic fungi into Theobroma cacao tissues. In Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra-Ghana.
4. Arnold*, A.E. 2001. Fungal endophytes in neotropical trees: Abundance, diversity, and ecological inter-actions. In Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare (K.N. Ganeshaiah, R. Uma Shaanker, & K. S. Bawa, eds.). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. pp. 739-743.
3. Arnold, A. E., L. Mejía, E. Rojas, Z. Maynard, N. Robbins and E. A. Herre. 2001. Organismos endo-fíticos: Microorganismos en plantas. (Endophytic organisms: microorganisms in plants.) El Uso de Micro-organismos Benéficos en la Agricultura Moderna. Universidad E.A.R.T.H., Limón, Costa Rica.
2. Arnold, A.E. 1999. Fungal endophytes of tropical trees: methods and potential for biological control of fungal pathogens of cocoa. Proceedings: Research Methodology of Biocontrol of Plant Diseases, San Jose: CATIE.
1. Arnold*, A.E. 1999. Sustainable cocoa: the fungal community component. American Cocoa Research Institute Features in Integrated Pest Management for oardc.ohiostate.edu/cocoa/main_ftr.htm.
- Hamzazai A., M.M. Lee, K. Garcia, E. Pat, A. Ibarra, E.H. Woytenko, A.E. Arnold. 2021. Evaluating recruitment of soilborne microbes to seeds and their effects on seed germination of crop plants in agricultural and non-agricultural soils. Handbook of Plant & Crop Physiology, 4th Edition. Taylor and Francis.
- Stump, S.M., C. Sarmiento, P.C. Zalamea, J.W. Dalling, A.S. Davis, J.P. Shaffer, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Colonization of seeds by soilborne fungi: linking seed dormancy-defense syndromes, evolutionary constraints, and fungal traits. Seed Endophytes: Biotechnology and Biology (J. White, Ed.), Springer.
- Baltrus, D.A., J. Spraker, A.E. Arnold. 2018. Quantifying re-association of a facultative endohyphal bacterium with a filamentous fungus. Plant Pathogenic Fungi and Oomycetes (W. Ma & T. Wolpert, eds). Humana Press, pp. 1-12.
- Van Bael, S.A., C. Estrada, and A.E. Arnold. 2017. Foliar endophyte communities and leaf traits in tropical trees. The Fungal Community: its organization and role in the ecosystem (J.F. White, Jr., J. Dighton, & P. Oudemans, eds). 4th Edition. Marcel-Dekker.
- Arnold, A.E. and L.C. Lewis. 2005. Evolution of fungal endophytes, and their roles against insects. Ecological and Evolutionary Advances in Insect-Fungus Associations (F. Vega and M. Blackwell, eds.). Oxford University Press, pp. 74-96.
- Van Bael*, S.A., Z. Maynard, N. Robbins, J.F. Bischoff, A.E. Arnold, E. Rojas, L.C. Mejía‡, D.A. Kyllo, E.A. Herre. 2005. Emerging perspectives on the ecological roles of endophytic fungi in tropical plants. The Fungal Community: its organization and role in the ecosystem (J.F. White, Jr., J. Dighton, & P. Oudemans, eds). 3rd Edition. Marcel-Dekker, pp. 181-191.
- Herre*, E.A., S. A. Van Bael, Z. Maynard, N. Robbins, J. Bischoff, A.E. Arnold, E. Rojas, L. C. Mejía‡, R. A. Cordero, C. Woodward, D.A. Kyllo. 2005. Tropical plants as chimera: some implications of foliar endophytic fungi for the study of plant defense, physiology, and genetics. Biotic Interactions in the Tropics (D.F.R.P. Burslem, M.A. Pinard, & S.E. Hartley, eds.) Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 226-237.
Technical writing and other contributions
13. Arnold, A.E., A.H. Harrington, and J.A. Myers. 2021. A glorious fungal season: a strong showing by the North American Monsoon helps Arizona’s remarkable fungal diversity come to light. Plant Press Arizona. In press.
12. Bowman, E.A. and A.E. Arnold. 2021. Discovering fungal diversity in threatened Sky Islands. https://naturemicrobiologycommunity.nature.com/
11. Branco, S., G. Moore, R. Shay, K.A. Quandt, B. Lovett, and A.E. Arnold. 2020. Increasing MSA diversity via
interchange, ambassadorship, and recruitment: an opportunity to diversify and promote inclusion throughout our MSA community. Inoculum, Oct. 2020 issue.
10. Bidartondo, M., and 125 others. 2008. Preserving accuracy in GenBank. Science 319: 1616.
9. Arnold, A.E. 2008. Hidden within our botanical richness, a trove of fungal endophytes. Plant Press 32: 13-15.
8. Hoffman‡, M., M. Gunatilaka, J. Ong#, M. Shimabukuro, and A.E. Arnold. 2008. Molecular analysis reveals a distinctive endophyte community associated with foliage of montane oaks in southeastern Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 40: 91-100.
7. Bashyal, B.P., A.M. Burns, M.X. Liu, P.A. Paranagama, C.J. Seliga, T.J. Turbyville, E.M.K. Wijeratne, J. Zhan, M.K. Gunatilaka, A.E. Arnold, S.H. Faeth, L. Whitesell, and A.A.L. Gunatilaka. 2007. Discovery of small molecule bioactive agents from endophytic fungi of the Sonoran Desert. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Fungal Endophytes of Grasses. Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 13, New Zealand Grassland Association, Christchurch.
6. Arnold, A.E. 2005. Diversity and ecology of fungal endophytes in tropical forests. Current Trends in Mycological Research (S. Deshmukh, ed.). Oxford IBH Publishing, New Delhi: pp. 49-68.
5. Mejía, L.C., E. Rojas, Z. Maynard, A.E. Arnold, D. Kyllo, N. Robbins, and E.A. Herre. 2003. Inoculation of beneficial endophytic fungi into Theobroma cacao tissues. In Proceedings of the 14th International Cocoa Research Conference, Accra-Ghana.
4. Arnold*, A.E. 2001. Fungal endophytes in neotropical trees: Abundance, diversity, and ecological inter-actions. In Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare (K.N. Ganeshaiah, R. Uma Shaanker, & K. S. Bawa, eds.). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. pp. 739-743.
3. Arnold, A. E., L. Mejía, E. Rojas, Z. Maynard, N. Robbins and E. A. Herre. 2001. Organismos endo-fíticos: Microorganismos en plantas. (Endophytic organisms: microorganisms in plants.) El Uso de Micro-organismos Benéficos en la Agricultura Moderna. Universidad E.A.R.T.H., Limón, Costa Rica.
2. Arnold, A.E. 1999. Fungal endophytes of tropical trees: methods and potential for biological control of fungal pathogens of cocoa. Proceedings: Research Methodology of Biocontrol of Plant Diseases, San Jose: CATIE.
1. Arnold*, A.E. 1999. Sustainable cocoa: the fungal community component. American Cocoa Research Institute Features in Integrated Pest Management for oardc.ohiostate.edu/cocoa/main_ftr.htm.